Three astronauts were heading to the Moon when everything went wrong. On April 11, 1970, NASA launched Apollo 13 with Jim Lovell, Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise aboard. Their mission was to land on the Moon. Two days later, an oxygen tank exploded inside the service module. The blast damaged the spacecraft's power and life support systems. The astronauts watched their oxygen leak into space. Mission Control in Houston faced a terrible problem. The command module was dying. The crew moved into the lunar module, a small craft designed to land on the Moon. It was built for two people, not three. Engineers had to improvise solutions using only the materials on board. The astronauts were breathing out carbon dioxide faster than the lunar module's filters could remove it. The command module had spare filters, but they were square. The lunar module's openings were round. Engineers built a makeshift adapter using cardboard, plastic bags. Duct tape, then talked the crew through building it in space. The astronauts swung around the Moon and used its gravity to push them back toward Earth. They splashed down in the Pacific Ocean on April 17. NASA called it a "successful failure" -- the Moon landing failed, but the crew survived.
Today in Science
April 11, 1970
How did duct tape and cardboard help save three astronauts lost in space?
Three astronauts were heading to the Moon when everything went wrong.
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NASA / Public domain
Words to Know
exploded improvise makeshift gravity failure